Low-Cost and Fast COVID-19 Test Detects SARS-CoV-2 from Pool of Gargle Lavage Samples in One Hour

Researchers have developed a low-cost and fast method to detect COVID-19 infection from a pool of gargle lavage samples.

Researchers of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany) have developed improved protocols for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, and the method can detect a positive sample in a pool with 25 uninfected samples in less than one hour. In order to monitor and contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to test large numbers of people on a regular basis in decentralized settings. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the most widely used diagnostic method to detect RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. However, it requires expensive laboratory equipment and global shortages of reagents for RNA purification has increased the need to find simple but reliable alternatives.

One alternative to the qPCR technology is RT-LAMP (reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification). This test amplifies the desired target sequences of the virus at a constant temperature, using minimal equipment as compared to qPCR. In 2020, RT-LAMP was adapted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. It was also shown that instead of a swab, which many people find unpleasant, it can be performed on gargle lavage samples.

Max Planck researchers have now developed an improved colorimetric RT-LAMP assay, called Cap-iLAMP (capture and improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification), which extracts and concentrates viral RNA from a pool of gargle lavage samples. After a short incubation, the test result - orange/red for negative, bright yellow for positive - can be interpreted visually or by using a freely available smartphone app. The improved testing method outperforms previous similar methods.

“Cap-iLAMP drastically reduces false positives and single infected samples can be detected in a pool among 25 uninfected samples, thus reducing the technical cost per test to only about 1 Euro per individual”, said senior author Stephan Riesenberg, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. “Our method overcomes problems associated with standard RT-LAMP and could also be applied to numerous other pathogens.”

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Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology