New ELISA Kit Measures Drug-Induced DNA Breaks
|
By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 07 Sep 2014 |
|
![Image: H2AX foci following gamma irradiation for measurement of DNA (Photo courtesy of the [US] National Institutes of Health).](https://globetechcdn.com/mobile_labmedica/images/stories/articles/article_images/2014-09-07/GMS-237.jpg "Image: H2AX foci following gamma irradiation for measurement of DNA (Photo courtesy of the [US] National Institutes of Health).")
Image: H2AX foci following gamma irradiation for measurement of DNA (Photo courtesy of the [US] National Institutes of Health).
A gamma H2AX pharmacodynamic assay kit for the study of double strand DNA breaks through the detection of the phosphorylated histone, gamma-H2AX, is now available for drug developers as well as biotech and other life science researchers.
The ubiquitous histone H2AX is a 14-kDa member of the H2A histone family that contains an evolutionarily conserved SQ motif at the C-terminus in eukaryotes.
Serine 139 within this motif becomes rapidly phosphorylated by kinases to yield a form known as gamma-H2AX in response to double-strand DNA damage and apoptosis.
There are over 21 anticancer drugs that are known to result in gamma-H2AX formation. As a result, gamma-H2AX is an ideal marker to measure molecular responses to a large number of drugs. While many of these drugs have already received regulatory approval, and are currently being used to manage various types of cancers, they are the subject of ongoing clinical studies to evaluate their efficacy when used alone or in combination with molecularly targeted drugs.
While methods such as Western blots and immunohistochemistry are widely used to detect gamma-H2AX, results are difficult to validate to regulatory standards, and the ELISA method is the most quantifiable and easiest assay to validate.
The new AMS Biotechnology (Abingdon, United Kingdom) pharmacodynamic HT gamma-H2AX assay measures gamma-H2AX levels in cellular extracts and phosphorylation of H2AX in response to therapeutic intervention. This assay documents differences in gamma-H2AX levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cultured cells, tissue biopsies, and is expected to be useful in future clinical trials providing one of many needed tools to enable hypothesis-driven preclinical drug design strategies.
The ELISA test utilizes immobilized gamma-H2AX antibodies in the wells of a 96-well plate that capture gamma-H2AX from sample lysates. Incubation with a H2AX detecting antibody, followed by addition of a goat anti-mouse HRP (horseradish peroxidase) conjugate and a chemiluminescent HRP substrate yields relative light units (RLU) that directly correlate with the amount of gamma-H2AX in the sample.
Related Links:
AMS Biotechnology
The ubiquitous histone H2AX is a 14-kDa member of the H2A histone family that contains an evolutionarily conserved SQ motif at the C-terminus in eukaryotes.
Serine 139 within this motif becomes rapidly phosphorylated by kinases to yield a form known as gamma-H2AX in response to double-strand DNA damage and apoptosis.
There are over 21 anticancer drugs that are known to result in gamma-H2AX formation. As a result, gamma-H2AX is an ideal marker to measure molecular responses to a large number of drugs. While many of these drugs have already received regulatory approval, and are currently being used to manage various types of cancers, they are the subject of ongoing clinical studies to evaluate their efficacy when used alone or in combination with molecularly targeted drugs.
While methods such as Western blots and immunohistochemistry are widely used to detect gamma-H2AX, results are difficult to validate to regulatory standards, and the ELISA method is the most quantifiable and easiest assay to validate.
The new AMS Biotechnology (Abingdon, United Kingdom) pharmacodynamic HT gamma-H2AX assay measures gamma-H2AX levels in cellular extracts and phosphorylation of H2AX in response to therapeutic intervention. This assay documents differences in gamma-H2AX levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cultured cells, tissue biopsies, and is expected to be useful in future clinical trials providing one of many needed tools to enable hypothesis-driven preclinical drug design strategies.
The ELISA test utilizes immobilized gamma-H2AX antibodies in the wells of a 96-well plate that capture gamma-H2AX from sample lysates. Incubation with a H2AX detecting antibody, followed by addition of a goat anti-mouse HRP (horseradish peroxidase) conjugate and a chemiluminescent HRP substrate yields relative light units (RLU) that directly correlate with the amount of gamma-H2AX in the sample.
Related Links:
AMS Biotechnology
Gold Member
Hybrid Pipette
SWITCH
Alcohol Testing Device
Dräger Alcotest 7000
Autoimmune Liver Diseases Assay
Microblot-Array Liver Profile Kit
Latest BioResearch News
- Genome Analysis Predicts Likelihood of Neurodisability in Oxygen-Deprived Newborns
- Gene Panel Predicts Disease Progession for Patients with B-cell Lymphoma
- New Method Simplifies Preparation of Tumor Genomic DNA Libraries
- New Tool Developed for Diagnosis of Chronic HBV Infection
- Panel of Genetic Loci Accurately Predicts Risk of Developing Gout
- Disrupted TGFB Signaling Linked to Increased Cancer-Related Bacteria
- Gene Fusion Protein Proposed as Prostate Cancer Biomarker
- NIV Test to Diagnose and Monitor Vascular Complications in Diabetes
- Semen Exosome MicroRNA Proves Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
- Genetic Loci Link Plasma Lipid Levels to CVD Risk
- Newly Identified Gene Network Aids in Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Link Confirmed between Living in Poverty and Developing Diseases
- Genomic Study Identifies Kidney Disease Loci in Type I Diabetes Patients
- Liquid Biopsy More Effective for Analyzing Tumor Drug Resistance Mutations
- New Liquid Biopsy Assay Reveals Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Method Developed for Enriching Trophoblast Population in Samples
Channels
Clinical Chemistry
view channel
New PSA-Based Prognostic Model Improves Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment
Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death among American men, and about one in eight will be diagnosed in their lifetime. Screening relies on blood levels of prostate-specific antigen... Read more
Extracellular Vesicles Linked to Heart Failure Risk in CKD Patients
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 1 in 7 Americans and is strongly associated with cardiovascular complications, which account for more than half of deaths among people with CKD.... Read more
Molecular Diagnostics
view channel
Diagnostic Device Predicts Treatment Response for Brain Tumors Via Blood Test
Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer, largely because doctors have no reliable way to determine whether treatments are working in real time. Assessing therapeutic response currently... Read more
Blood Test Detects Early-Stage Cancers by Measuring Epigenetic Instability
Early-stage cancers are notoriously difficult to detect because molecular changes are subtle and often missed by existing screening tools. Many liquid biopsies rely on measuring absolute DNA methylation... Read more
“Lab-On-A-Disc” Device Paves Way for More Automated Liquid Biopsies
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny particles released by cells into the bloodstream that carry molecular information about a cell’s condition, including whether it is cancerous. However, EVs are highly... Read more
Blood Test Identifies Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients at Increased Risk of Brain Metastasis
Brain metastasis is a frequent and devastating complication in patients with inflammatory breast cancer, an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options. Despite its high incidence, the biological... Read moreHematology
view channel
New Guidelines Aim to Improve AL Amyloidosis Diagnosis
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare, life-threatening bone marrow disorder in which abnormal amyloid proteins accumulate in organs. Approximately 3,260 people in the United States are diagnosed... Read more
Fast and Easy Test Could Revolutionize Blood Transfusions
Blood transfusions are a cornerstone of modern medicine, yet red blood cells can deteriorate quietly while sitting in cold storage for weeks. Although blood units have a fixed expiration date, cells from... Read more
Automated Hemostasis System Helps Labs of All Sizes Optimize Workflow
High-volume hemostasis sections must sustain rapid turnaround while managing reruns and reflex testing. Manual tube handling and preanalytical checks can strain staff time and increase opportunities for error.... Read more
High-Sensitivity Blood Test Improves Assessment of Clotting Risk in Heart Disease Patients
Blood clotting is essential for preventing bleeding, but even small imbalances can lead to serious conditions such as thrombosis or dangerous hemorrhage. In cardiovascular disease, clinicians often struggle... Read moreImmunology
view channel
Blood Test Identifies Lung Cancer Patients Who Can Benefit from Immunotherapy Drug
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options, and even newly approved immunotherapies do not benefit all patients. While immunotherapy can extend survival for some,... Read more
Whole-Genome Sequencing Approach Identifies Cancer Patients Benefitting From PARP-Inhibitor Treatment
Targeted cancer therapies such as PARP inhibitors can be highly effective, but only for patients whose tumors carry specific DNA repair defects. Identifying these patients accurately remains challenging,... Read more
Ultrasensitive Liquid Biopsy Demonstrates Efficacy in Predicting Immunotherapy Response
Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment, but only a small proportion of patients experience lasting benefit, with response rates often remaining between 10% and 20%. Clinicians currently lack reliable... Read more
Microbiology
view channel
Comprehensive Review Identifies Gut Microbiome Signatures Associated With Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease affects approximately 6.7 million people in the United States and nearly 50 million worldwide, yet early cognitive decline remains difficult to characterize. Increasing evidence suggests... Read more
AI-Powered Platform Enables Rapid Detection of Drug-Resistant C. Auris Pathogens
Infections caused by the pathogenic yeast Candida auris pose a significant threat to hospitalized patients, particularly those with weakened immune systems or those who have invasive medical devices.... Read more
Pathology
view channel
Engineered Yeast Cells Enable Rapid Testing of Cancer Immunotherapy
Developing new cancer immunotherapies is a slow, costly, and high-risk process, particularly for CAR T cell treatments that must precisely recognize cancer-specific antigens. Small differences in tumor... Read more
First-Of-Its-Kind Test Identifies Autism Risk at Birth
Autism spectrum disorder is treatable, and extensive research shows that early intervention can significantly improve cognitive, social, and behavioral outcomes. Yet in the United States, the average age... Read more
Technology
view channel
Robotic Technology Unveiled for Automated Diagnostic Blood Draws
Routine diagnostic blood collection is a high‑volume task that can strain staffing and introduce human‑dependent variability, with downstream implications for sample quality and patient experience.... Read more
ADLM Launches First-of-Its-Kind Data Science Program for Laboratory Medicine Professionals
Clinical laboratories generate billions of test results each year, creating a treasure trove of data with the potential to support more personalized testing, improve operational efficiency, and enhance patient care.... Read more
Aptamer Biosensor Technology to Transform Virus Detection
Rapid and reliable virus detection is essential for controlling outbreaks, from seasonal influenza to global pandemics such as COVID-19. Conventional diagnostic methods, including cell culture, antigen... Read more
AI Models Could Predict Pre-Eclampsia and Anemia Earlier Using Routine Blood Tests
Pre-eclampsia and anemia are major contributors to maternal and child mortality worldwide, together accounting for more than half a million deaths each year and leaving millions with long-term health complications.... Read moreIndustry
view channel
New Collaboration Brings Automated Mass Spectrometry to Routine Laboratory Testing
Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that identifies and quantifies molecules based on their mass and electrical charge. Its high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy make it indispensable... Read more
AI-Powered Cervical Cancer Test Set for Major Rollout in Latin America
Noul Co., a Korean company specializing in AI-based blood and cancer diagnostics, announced it will supply its intelligence (AI)-based miLab CER cervical cancer diagnostic solution to Mexico under a multi‑year... Read more
Diasorin and Fisher Scientific Enter into US Distribution Agreement for Molecular POC Platform
Diasorin (Saluggia, Italy) has entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with Fisher Scientific, part of Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), for the LIAISON NES molecular point-of-care... Read more