局部纳米技术简化了皮肤病诊断
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 05 Jun 2018 |
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图片：局部应用纳米技术简化疾病诊断，可改变异常瘢痕的诊断与护理方式（图片蒙南洋理工大学惠赐）。
活组织检查为准确诊断皮肤病所必需，但是病人会经历疼痛、不便和病态，还有结疤和感染的风险，这些限制了它的应用。
一般通过目测瘢痕病灶来鉴定异常瘢痕等许多皮肤病；然而，可见的瘢痕已经成熟，已生成大量新生组织，且不能得益于及时给予预防药。
新加坡南洋理工大学(www.ntu.edu.sg)的科学家用NanoFlare实现不用活检诊断疾病以及观察治疗后的疾病进展。它是一种微创型替代方案，可自己施用，可减少结疤和感染风险；让更多人享受到疾病诊断；及时反馈治疗效果；缩短医务人员的工作时间，减少精力消耗，因而减轻总体的医疗负担。
NanoFlare不活跃，发射信号一直处于低水平。靶向参考基因（也就是甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GapDH)和非编码序列)的NanoFlare能同时用来做信号归一化。因此可以根据荧光信号区分异常的成纤维细胞与无病变的成纤维细胞。在这个过程中，NanoFlare经表皮进入后及进入细胞内后维持其检测属性和分子特异性不变。
经皮NanoFlare渗入是其独特纳米结构的功劳。它由高度致密的寡核苷酸链组成，方向与核心（包含一系列不同材料，包括金）对齐，甚至可由中空核纳米粒子组成。这使产生的粒子表面带强烈的负电荷。
NanoFlare局部作用于病灶，它穿过皮肤屏障，与细胞内mRNA生物标志物相互作用。如果存在靶基因（如疾病的生物标志物或其它对照基因），则mRNA与NanoFlare相互作用，释放报告基因的闪光。金纳米粒子附近发出强烈的荧光。若不与靶基因杂交，则荧光信号增强得不明显，而是一直低于本底水平。如果疾病的生物标志物足够多，就能在表面采集荧光信号。
该研究的论文发表于2018413日的《自然》杂志《生物医学工程》分册。作者总结说，NanoFlare技术是一种可自己施用的微创替代方案，可减少结疤和感染风险；让更多人享受到疾病诊断；及时反馈治疗效果；缩短医务人员的工作时间，减少精力消耗，因而减轻总体的医疗负担。通过局部应用纳米技术简化疾病诊断，可改变异常瘢痕的诊断与护理方式。
南洋理工大学>>> www.ntu.edu.sg
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