泪液里的生物标志物可诊断帕金森氏病
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 17 Apr 2018 |
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Schirmer试纸是一种侵入性的滤纸，将其折起来放在下眼睑上，吸收泪膜五分钟。可以分析Schirmer试纸上收集的泪液中的生物标志物（图片蒙创新眼护理公司惠赐）。
帕金森氏病是一种渐进性疾病，它杀死产生多巴胺的脑细胞；多巴胺是一种化学信使，对于控制运动非常重要。帕金森氏病的主要症状有：行动迟缓，震颤，僵硬，难以保持平衡与协调。
帕金森氏病(PD)患者泪液样本里一种与疾病相关的蛋白质的水平不同于无帕金森氏病者。这样的标志物非常有用，有助于诊断甚至可能治疗帕金森氏病，因为帕金森氏病可能在症状显现好多年前就已开始。
美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市南加州大学www.use.edu的科学家及其同事比较了55名不同程度帕金森氏病患者的泪液样本，采集了27名年龄相仿、性别相同、无帕金森氏病的对照者的双眼泪液样本，分析α-突触核蛋白。用美国明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯研发系统公司(www.rndsystems.com)的人体磁性Luminex测定试剂盒分析α-突触核蛋白、CC化学因子配体2 (CCL-2)和DJ-1（帕金森氏病蛋白7），并用加利福尼亚州圣迭戈市MyBioSource公司(www.mybiosource.com)的人α-突触核蛋白寡酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒分析寡聚α-突触核蛋白。
科研小组实施麻醉Schirmer试验，用Schirmer试纸收集患者的眼泪，结果显示，帕金森氏病患者的总α-突触核蛋白水平（423.12 ± 52.6皮克/毫克泪液蛋白）比健康对照者（703.61 ± 136.4皮克/毫克泪液蛋白）低得多。帕金森氏病患者的寡聚α-突触核蛋白水平（1.45 ± 0.31纳克/毫克泪液蛋白）比对照者（0.27 ± 0.07纳克/毫克泪液蛋白）高得多。虽然泪液里可检测到CCL-2和DJ-1，但是二者在帕金森氏病患者和无帕金森氏病的对照者体内并无差别。
虽然尚不清楚帕金森氏病如何杀死脑细胞，但是科学家已发现，帕金森氏病患者的许多脑细胞里有一种有毒的沉积蛋白质，名为路易体。这些沉积蛋白含有成堆未正确折叠的蛋白。路易体的主要成分是α-突触核蛋白的一种寡聚形式。蛋白的寡聚形式由蛋白的关键核酸重复几次而构成，但不如多聚形式那么多。最近发表的一篇关于帕金森氏病α-突触核蛋白的论文表明，寡聚蛋白能够“破坏膜的完整性”，这也许是最终杀灭细胞的过程中的关键一步。
首席研究员、神经内科教授Mark F. Lew大夫说：“我们相信我们的研究首次揭示眼泪也许是帕金森氏病的一种可靠、便宜、无创的生物标志物。”该研究的论文将在2018年4月21-27日于洛杉矶举行的美国神经内科学会第70届年会上宣读。
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