小型化技术可以改善疾病监测
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 07 Aug 2017 |

图片:微流控生物测定设备是目前首选的诊断工具.使用该设备,能从患者样本(诸如血液)中检测出疾病的生物标志物的浓度,该设备表面含有固定的生物受体,当样本通过设备表面时,能捕捉到患者样本中的生物标志物。检测人员能根据样本是否存在疾病生物标志物或相对于正常体液中生物标志物的浓度水平判定患者患有某种疾病的可能性(照片由Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University提供)。
研究人员开发出一种改进的微接触印刷技术,用于创造一种优化的生物受体阵列疾病诊断设备,用于多路微流控分析。
由于微流控生物分析设备的效能取决于生物受体的完整性和功能性,很难证明已将这些生物受体固定好,且未造成损害。过去二十年里,微接触打印使用一种橡胶图章固定生物受体,以确定该方法足够稳定,能创造有多种用途的各种检测法。但是,这种方法也有缺陷,特别是用于纳米级的蛋白质和DNA检测时有所不足。在纳米级的检测中,现有的技术使用折中的方法,或改变图章或损坏生物受体,因而得到的数据在一定程度上不能满足诊断或其他应用的需要。
现在,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(OIST;Okinawa,Japan)的研究人员开发出一种打印步骤,解决了这些问题。关于微接触打印,“您需要一个图章,一种墨水和一个表面,然后,按您的需要进行表面图案化。就是这样简单,”该论文的第一作者Shivani Sathish,OIST博士研究生说。该图章由聚二甲硅氧烷组成,它是一种柔性的固体,类似于日常所用的橡皮图章;墨水是(3-氨丙基)三乙氧基硅烷,是由硅和含氧分子也称为“APTES”所组成的溶液;而表面是玻璃。
研究人员首先将图章涂上墨水,然后将它按在玻璃上,然后在短暂接触后拿开;结果在玻璃表面上形成一个APTES图案层——形成具有或不具有APTES的检查板区域;然后,这种含有一个或者多个微流体通道的微流控器件经过配置后,引导流体通过特殊路径,通过玻璃图案密封起来;最后,这种生物感受器与微流体通道内的APTES区域,以化学的方法连接起来。现在,该系统已为诊断性分析做好准备,体液样本通过微流控设备后将附着在玻璃上。
APTES检测使用方便的化学法。“根据您关注的生物受体,您只需要选择适当的化学法,将分子与APTES连接起来,”Sathish女士说。仅使用一枚图章就能固定多种不同的生物受体,制备多路检测用工具。因此,使用一种图章压印的单一表面就能进行多种检测和诊断。这种属性对诊断复杂的疾病(例如癌症)而言有优势,因为这些疾病的检测需要多种标志物来改善诊断效果。
Sathish女士和同事们首度使用由APTES溶于水形成的墨水制作APTES纳米级图案化工具,相对于苛刻的化学反应,能够消除图章溶胀的现象。在对于APTES进行图案化和连接微流控器件之后,他们将生物感受器固定到玻璃表面之上,以此作为整个过程的最后一步。因为将连接生物感受器作为最后一步,研究人员避免了将它们暴露于极端和破坏性条件。然后,他们通过进行试验捕捉生物标志物白细胞介素6和人类C反应蛋白(这两种生物质通常在身体有炎症时升高),展示了最终设备的功效。
“我们的最终目的是制造床旁护理设备,”OIST教授Amy Shen,本研究的首席研究者说明。“如果微流控设备中有预先固定了生物受体的表面,则能在需要时用作诊断工具,”Sathish女士说,“(最终)相比于使用最全面的临床团队处理您的样本……我们希望患者能在家自己进行检测。”
本研究已由Sathish S等人发表于2017年4月5日的Analyst上。
由于微流控生物分析设备的效能取决于生物受体的完整性和功能性,很难证明已将这些生物受体固定好,且未造成损害。过去二十年里,微接触打印使用一种橡胶图章固定生物受体,以确定该方法足够稳定,能创造有多种用途的各种检测法。但是,这种方法也有缺陷,特别是用于纳米级的蛋白质和DNA检测时有所不足。在纳米级的检测中,现有的技术使用折中的方法,或改变图章或损坏生物受体,因而得到的数据在一定程度上不能满足诊断或其他应用的需要。
现在,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(OIST;Okinawa,Japan)的研究人员开发出一种打印步骤,解决了这些问题。关于微接触打印,“您需要一个图章,一种墨水和一个表面,然后,按您的需要进行表面图案化。就是这样简单,”该论文的第一作者Shivani Sathish,OIST博士研究生说。该图章由聚二甲硅氧烷组成,它是一种柔性的固体,类似于日常所用的橡皮图章;墨水是(3-氨丙基)三乙氧基硅烷,是由硅和含氧分子也称为“APTES”所组成的溶液;而表面是玻璃。
研究人员首先将图章涂上墨水,然后将它按在玻璃上,然后在短暂接触后拿开;结果在玻璃表面上形成一个APTES图案层——形成具有或不具有APTES的检查板区域;然后,这种含有一个或者多个微流体通道的微流控器件经过配置后,引导流体通过特殊路径,通过玻璃图案密封起来;最后,这种生物感受器与微流体通道内的APTES区域,以化学的方法连接起来。现在,该系统已为诊断性分析做好准备,体液样本通过微流控设备后将附着在玻璃上。
APTES检测使用方便的化学法。“根据您关注的生物受体,您只需要选择适当的化学法,将分子与APTES连接起来,”Sathish女士说。仅使用一枚图章就能固定多种不同的生物受体,制备多路检测用工具。因此,使用一种图章压印的单一表面就能进行多种检测和诊断。这种属性对诊断复杂的疾病(例如癌症)而言有优势,因为这些疾病的检测需要多种标志物来改善诊断效果。
Sathish女士和同事们首度使用由APTES溶于水形成的墨水制作APTES纳米级图案化工具,相对于苛刻的化学反应,能够消除图章溶胀的现象。在对于APTES进行图案化和连接微流控器件之后,他们将生物感受器固定到玻璃表面之上,以此作为整个过程的最后一步。因为将连接生物感受器作为最后一步,研究人员避免了将它们暴露于极端和破坏性条件。然后,他们通过进行试验捕捉生物标志物白细胞介素6和人类C反应蛋白(这两种生物质通常在身体有炎症时升高),展示了最终设备的功效。
“我们的最终目的是制造床旁护理设备,”OIST教授Amy Shen,本研究的首席研究者说明。“如果微流控设备中有预先固定了生物受体的表面,则能在需要时用作诊断工具,”Sathish女士说,“(最终)相比于使用最全面的临床团队处理您的样本……我们希望患者能在家自己进行检测。”
本研究已由Sathish S等人发表于2017年4月5日的Analyst上。
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