Pathology

All-Digital Histopathology Attained by Infrared-Optical Hybrid Microscopy

The gold standard of tissue pathology is to add dyes or stains so that pathologists can see the shapes and patterns of the cells under a microscope. However, it can be difficult to distinguish cancer from healthy tissue or to pinpoint the boundaries of a tumor, and in many cases diagnosis is subjective. More...
24 Feb 2020

Several Genes Linked to Long QT Syndrome Reappraised

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is the first described and most common inherited arrhythmia. Over the last 25 years, multiple genes have been reported to cause this condition and are routinely tested in patients. More...
20 Feb 2020

Image: Histopathology of Lung adenocarcinoma (Photo courtesy of Nikon).

Lung Adenocarcinoma Genomic Features Differ in East Asians, Europeans

Lung adenocarcinoma is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma is categorized as such by how the cancer cells look under a microscope. Lung adenocarcinoma starts in glandular cells, which secrete substances such as mucus, and tends to develop in smaller airways, such as alveoli. More...
18 Feb 2020

Image: Histopathology of early gastric cancer, an intramucosal adenocarcinoma. A blood test used in a targeted methylation (TM) sequencing assay may help detect hard-to-detect gastrointestinal cancers in asymptomatic individuals (Photo courtesy of Andrey Bychkov, MD, PhD).

Blood Test Lead to Earlier Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. More...
13 Feb 2020

Image: Workflow of cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP-Seq) circulating tumor-DNA analysis (ctDNA) (Photo courtesy of Rashedul Islam Rony, PhD).

Lung Cancer Liquid Biopsy Guides MRD-Directed Adjuvant Therapy

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is the name given to small numbers of leukemic cells (cancer cells from the bone marrow) that remain in the person during treatment or after treatment when the patient is in remission or have no symptoms or signs of disease. More...
11 Feb 2020

Image: Summary of findings in primary BRCA2mut/+ breast tissues: Epithelial progenitor cells of heterozygous germline BRCA2 carriers exhibit DNA damage, failed replication stress, and damage responses, together with attenuated apoptosis. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses suggests that these findings may reflect a haploinsufficient phenotype for BRCA2 in vivo (Photo courtesy of Massachusetts General Hospital).

Single-Cell Sequencing Identifies Breast Cancer Risk

Women harboring heterozygous germline mutations of BRCA2 have a 50% to 80% risk of developing breast cancer, yet the pathogenesis of these cancers is poorly understood. Breast cancers arising in women who inherit heterozygous mutations in BRCA2 are associated with a high prevalence of genomic alterations and aggressive clinical behavior. More...
10 Feb 2020

$Image: The myTAIHEART test is a powerful non-invasive test that uses a small sample of blood to determine if a patient is at a low or increased risk of rejecting their heart transplant. myTAIHEART works by measuring the fraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) present in the bloodstream that is attributable to the transplanted heart. An elevated donor fraction (DF%) is associated with an increased risk of acute cellular rejection (Photo courtesy of TAI Diagnostics).$