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Clinical Chemistry

Image: The diagram shows how sPLA2-IIA binding to anionic phospholipids leads to its activation and promotes inflammation. The oxidation of the phospholipids produces stress, which causes the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to be transported to the outer leaflet. This reaction activates cationic sPLA2-IIA. The higher activity of sPLA2-IIA promotes the hydrolysis of the outer leaflet phospholipids into arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Through the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other inflammatory eicosanoids (Photo courtesy of Randox).

New Automated Assay Measures Levels of sPLA2-IIA

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) are a family of enzymes that cleave the fatty acid in position two of phospholipids, hydrolyzing the bond between the second fatty acid “tail” and the glycerol molecule. More...
08 Apr 2019
Image: The Architect I2000sr immunoassay (Photo courtesy of Abbott).

C-Peptide Test Essential after Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis

C-peptide testing a few years after a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes should be a routine procedure as it can help pinpoint occasional patients who have been misdiagnosed and actually have type 2 diabetes or a monogenic form of the disease. More...
03 Apr 2019
Image: Fundus appearance for a woman with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), showing severe papilledema in the right eye (A) and moderate papilledema in the left eye (B) (Photo courtesy of Devin K. Binder MD, PhD, and colleagues).

Increased Hormones Lead to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, also known as IIH, is caused by high pressure in the brain with consequences from blindness to incapacitating daily long-term headaches. Patients have reduced quality of life due to chronic headaches and papilledema-induced visual loss which is permanent in 25% of patients. More...
02 Apr 2019
Image: The 5977B High Efficiency Source (HES) GC/MSD System (Photo courtesy of Agilent Technologies).

Signature Odor of Parkinson's Disease Discovered

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive brain cell death and extensive loss of motor function. Despite many investigations being conducted on this disease, there are no definitive diagnostic tests currently available. More...
02 Apr 2019
Image: A graduate student uses the novel diagnostic tool, which measures metabolic activity in the blood, distinguishing fibromyalgia from other chronic pain conditions with near 100% accuracy (Photo courtesy of Ohio State University).

Metabolic Fingerprinting Diagnoses Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is the most common cause of chronic widespread pain in the USA, and disproportionately affects women. It is estimated that about 2% of the population, around four million adults, has fibromyalgia; however some organizations estimate even higher numbers. More...
02 Apr 2019
Image: The glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c test should not be solely used to determine the prevalence of diabetes (Photo courtesy of the Alberta Diabetes Foundation).

HbA1c Test Misses Many Cases of Diabetes

A glucose tolerance test, also known as the oral glucose tolerance test, measures the body's response to sugar (glucose). In this test, a person's blood is taken after an overnight fast, and then again two hours after they drink a sugary drink. The glucose tolerance test can be used to screen for type 2 diabetes. More...
02 Apr 2019
Image: These images highlight the differences found in the tau folds associated with Alzheimer\'s disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). They also show an unidentified element found in CTE that does not exist in Alzheimer\'s disease (Photo courtesy of Indiana University School of Medicine).

Pathology Differences Distinguish CTE from Azheimer's Disease

Neurological disease researchers have found an important difference that distinguishes the molecular pathology of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) from that of Alzheimer's disease (AD). More...
01 Apr 2019
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The Clinical Chemistry channel updates the reader on tests, techniques, and research in the field - from routine assays to specialized tests on blood, urine, enzymes, lipids, hormones and more.
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