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Pathology

Image: Schematic diagram of, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); circulating tumor cell (CTC); cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the peripheral blood stream of a colon cancer patient (Photo courtesy of Oncology Letters)

Tumor DNA Platform Classifies Colorectal Cancer

 Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors, with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders. Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; however, these represent less than 5% of cases. More...
15 Jan 2020
Image: The Roche cobas electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay kit for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (Photo courtesy of Toliopoulos Diagnostics).

Plasma HSP90α Levels Used for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

 Liver cancer is composed mostly of primary liver cancers and secondary liver cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the major type of primary liver cancer, is the fifth most common tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality, responsible for 745,500 cancer deaths annually. More...
14 Jan 2020
Image: The Agilent Technologies 2100 Bioanalyzer system is an established automated electrophoresis tool for the sample quality control of biomolecules (Photo courtesy of Laboratory Controls LLC)

Urinary Cell-Free DNA Detects Urothelial Carcinoma

 Most bladder cancers start in the innermost lining of the bladder, which is called the urothelium or transitional epithelium. As the cancer grows into or through the other layers in the bladder wall, it has a higher stage, becomes more advanced, and can be harder to treat. More...
08 Jan 2020
Image: Immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative determination of NT-proBNP in heparinized venous blood for use with the cobas h 232 instrument (Photo courtesy of Axonlab)

Cardiac Blood Test Predicts Post-Surgical Outcomes

 Globally, of the 200 million adults who undergo major surgery, 18% will experience serious cardiac and vascular complications including death within 30 days following their intervention, such as hip and knee replacements, bowel resections and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. More...
08 Jan 2020
Image: Scanning electron micrograph of inside the nucleus of a cancer cell, chromosomes are indicated by blue arrows and circular extrachromosomal DNA are indicated by orange arrows (Photo courtesy of Paul S. Mischel, MD, UC San Diego)

Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Drives Oncogenic Genome Remodeling in Neuroblastoma

 Circularized DNA falling outside of linear chromosomes may serve as a recurrent source of somatic rearrangements in neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer affecting immature cells in the sympathetic nervous system. More...
02 Jan 2020
Image: Morphologic variants of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with different genetic alterations. A: TNBC with basal-like histologic features containing a prominent stromal lymphocytic infiltrate; this tumor had MYC amplification. B: TNBC with apocrine differentiation and a PI3KCA mutation. The tumor cells have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei, and prominent nucleoli (Photo courtesy of Geisel School of Medicine).

Liquid Biopsy Detects Breast Cancer Residual Disease

 The concept of circulating DNA or tumor cells to identify patients with residual cancer present after early-stage, putatively curative treatment has made rapid strides across multiple tumor types since some of the first promising tests in colorectal cancer. More...
02 Jan 2020
Image: Electron micrograph of a bladder cancer cell: clinical pathology tests outperform molecular subtyping in bladder cancer (Photo courtesy of Jim Stallard).

Standard Pathology Tests Outperform Molecular Subtyping in Bladder Cancer

 Evolving diagnostic approaches include compiling databanks on gene expression and mutations present in a cancer type to find patterns of gene expression that are then used to subtype tumors that "pathologically look similar" but are molecularly different. More...
02 Jan 2020
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The Pathology channel details advances in the field of Surgical Pathology and all its subspecialties, including Cytopathology and its subspecialties.