Long-Term Storage Stability of Corticotropin Investigated

Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) is a 39-residue polypeptide tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland following hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone release. Corticotropin is notorious for its instability.

Cortisol regulates ACTH release via a negative feedback loop. Measurements of plasma ACTH are crucial for differential diagnosis of endocrine disorders including Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal insufficiency but can be complicated by both preanalytical and analytical factors.

Clinical Biochemists at Amsterdam University (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and their colleagues investigated the long-term storage stability of corticotropin in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid containing plasma. Plasma specimens were obtained from 20 healthy American subjects that were either neat or spiked with ACTH (22–1,866 pg/ml). Plasma specimens were also obtained from Dutch patients visiting the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), between 2012 and 2013 for various indications.

Individual specimens were assayed on the day of processing (month 0) and five times (at 1, 3, 9, 12, and 18 months) following storage at both −20 °C and −70 °C in five replicates each. Specimens were thawed once on the laboratory countertop at room temperature, mixed by gentle inversion and centrifuged at 3,000×g for 5 minutes Afterwards they were kept at room temperature and quickly analyzed. ACTH results were generated on the ARCHITECT i2000SR automated immunoassay instrument system (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). The team also used a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) that uses two monoclonal antibodies of which the Liaison capture antibody that is coated to magnetic particles and the detection antibody is linked to an isoluminol derivative (Diasorin, Salugia, Italy).

The team reported that storing human plasma specimens for up to one and a half years at −20 °C or −70 °C had limited influence on the ACTH levels in these specimens measured by the ARCHITECT ACTH assay. In both neat and spiked specimens at the two storage conditions, ACTH levels remained relatively stable over time with only minimal changes in ACTH levels (<11%). Storing specimens for up to four or six years did significantly reduce detectable ACTH levels in native patient plasma specimens. After four years of storage at −20 °C, ACTH levels were 74.8%, whereas after six years of storage ACTH levels were only 46.2% of the original ACTH levels measured using the Liaison immunoassay.

The authors concluded that corticotropin levels are stable in plasma when stored at −20 °C for one and a half years using the Abbott assay, but with longer storage time a significant reduction in corticotropin levels can be expected. Once specimens are stored for future corticotropin measurements, one should consider storage time, storage temperature and assay differences. The study was originally published on October 13, 2021 in the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.

Related Links:
Amsterdam University
Amsterdam University Medical Centers
Abbott Laboratories
Diasorin