评估肺结核的快速诊断检验
By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 02 May 2018 |

图片:Xpert MTB/RIF试剂载入GeneXpert 4模块仪器(图片蒙Cepheid公司惠赐)。
在资源有限的场合诊断涂片阴性肺结核与肺外结核(TB)仍是一项挑战。确认涂片阴性与肺外结核病例需要阳性的结核分枝杆菌培养物,需要长达八周时间制备。
研究人员评估了是否能实现用商用的快速分子诊断检验日常诊断涂片阴性或肺外的结核,评估了其诊断准确度,还评估了现实场合HIV的患病率。
一组来自多国的科学家与瑞士日内瓦大学医院(www.hug-ge.ch)的科学家合作,在两年期间开展了一项前瞻性队列研究,相继纳入了疑似涂片阴性肺结核/肺外结核的所有病例。将病例分为四类:确实、很可能、可能有结核或有其它诊断结果。在马达加斯加的一家当地医院对疑似肺结核患者的痰液样本进行齐尔-尼尔森染色后直接做显微镜检。
来自肺结核患者和肺外结核患者的所有的抗酸杆菌(AFB)阴性涂片都被送到结核分枝杆菌实验室做二次涂片检查、培养,并用美国加利福尼亚州森尼韦尔市Cepheid股份有限公司(www.cepheid.com)的Xpert MTB/RIF进行筛查。生物液(脑脊液、腹膜液、胸腔积液)的标准分析(细胞学分析与生化分析),还对组织样本(淋巴结、皮肤活检样本、胸腔活检样本和滑膜活检样本)做了病理检查。对所有患者进行HIV血清检验。通过三种不同的构象快速检验证实了HIV的状态。
科学家发现,纳入研究的363名患者中,183人(50.4%)有疑似的涂片阴性肺结核,180人(49.6%)有疑似的肺外结核。用Xpert MTB/RIF检测经过证实的病例,灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为82.4%、98.8%、98.3%和86.6%;如果把经过证实的病例和可能性大的病例一起算,这些值分别为65%、98.8%、98.5%和64%。肺外结核的诊断准确度略低于涂片阴性的肺结核。HIV感染的患病率为12.1%,但是几乎半数病例没有结核(其它诊断结果组)。
该研究的论文发表于2018年4月号的《国际传染病杂志》(International Journal of Infectious Diseases)。作者总结说,在资源贫乏场合实施结核的快速诊断是可行的。Xpert-MTB/RIF检测难诊人群的性能十分突出。这项研究得出的HIV患病率远高于所报的马达加斯加大众的患病率、结核患者的患病率以及结核以外病症患者的患病率。
日内瓦大学医院>>> www.hug-ge.ch
Cepheid >>> www.cepheid.com
Latest 实验室技术 News
Channels
Clinical Chemistry
view channel
New Reference Measurement Procedure Standardizes Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Results
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) play a key role in diagnosing a wide range of infectious diseases. These tests are generally known for their high sensitivity and specificity, and they can be developed... Read more
Pen-Like Tool Quickly and Non-Invasively Detects Opioids from Skin
Opioid drugs such as fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone are the primary substances associated with overdose cases in the United States. Standard drug screening procedures typically involve collecting blood,... Read moreMolecular Diagnostics
view channel
New Blood Test for Leukemia Risk Detection Could Replace Bone Marrow Sampling
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a condition typically associated with aging, where blood stem cells fail to develop into fully functional blood cells. Early and accurate diagnosis is vital, as MDS can... Read more
Blood Test Detects Preeclampsia Risk Months Before Symptoms Appear
Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related complication characterized by elevated blood pressure and organ dysfunction, remains a major contributor to maternal and infant health issues globally. Existing screening... Read moreHematology
view channel
Disposable Cartridge-Based Test Delivers Rapid and Accurate CBC Results
Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered lab tests, crucial for diagnosing diseases, monitoring therapies, and conducting routine health screenings. However, more than 90% of physician... Read more
First Point-of-Care Heparin Monitoring Test Provides Results in Under 15 Minutes
Heparin dosing requires careful management to avoid both bleeding and clotting complications. In high-risk situations like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), mortality rates can reach about 50%,... Read moreImmunology
view channel
Blood Test Detects Organ Rejection in Heart Transplant Patients
Following a heart transplant, patients are required to undergo surgical biopsies so that physicians can assess the possibility of organ rejection. Rejection happens when the recipient’s immune system identifies... Read more
Liquid Biopsy Approach to Transform Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related deaths globally, with its biological complexity and diverse regulatory processes making diagnosis and treatment particularly difficult.... Read more
Computational Tool Exposes Hidden Cancer DNA Changes Influencing Treatment Resistance
Structural changes in tumor DNA are among the most damaging genetic alterations in cancer, yet they often go undetected, particularly when tissue samples are degraded or of low quality. These hidden genomic... Read moreMicrobiology
view channel
Credit Card-Sized Test Boosts TB Detection in HIV Hotspots
Current tuberculosis (TB) tests face major limitations when it comes to accurately diagnosing the infection in individuals living with HIV. HIV, a frequent co-infection with TB, complicates detection by... Read more
Fecal Metabolite Profiling Predicts Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Critically ill patients in medical intensive care units (MICUs) often suffer from conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or sepsis, which are linked to reduced diversity of gut microbiota... Read more
Portable Molecular POC System Rules Out UTIs in Just 35 Minutes
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a massive burden on patients and healthcare systems. There are over 400 million UTI cases globally each year, of which around 90% are in women. Fast and accurate... Read more
POC Lateral Flow Test Detects Deadly Fungal Infection Faster Than Existing Techniques
Diagnosing mucormycosis—an aggressive and often deadly fungal infection—remains a major challenge due to the disease’s rapid progression and the lack of fast, accurate diagnostic tools. The problem became... Read morePathology
view channel
Cancer Chip Accurately Predicts Patient-Specific Chemotherapy Response
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), one of the two primary types of esophageal cancer, ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and currently lacks effective targeted therapies.... Read more
Clinical AI Solution for Automatic Breast Cancer Grading Improves Diagnostic Accuracy
Labs that use traditional image analysis methods often suffer from bottlenecks and delays. By digitizing their pathology practices, labs can streamline their work, allowing them to take on larger caseloads... Read more
Saliva-Based Testing to Enable Early Detection of Cancer, Heart Disease or Parkinson’s
Saliva is one of the most accessible biological fluids, yet it remains underutilized in clinical practice. While saliva samples are used to perform genetic tests to determine, for example, paternity, the... Read moreTechnology
view channel
New POC Biosensing Technology Improves Detection of Molecular Biomarkers
Traditional diagnostic procedures in medicine typically involve sending a patient’s blood or tissue samples to clinical laboratories, where trained scientists perform testing and data interpretation.... Read more
Enhanced Lab Data Management and AI Critical to Labs of the Future, Finds Survey
Data plays a key role in the transformation of today’s digital laboratories, acting both as a key challenge and a catalyst for innovation, as revealed by a survey of over 150 scientists.... Read moreIndustry
view channel
AMP Releases Best Practice Recommendations to Guide Clinical Laboratories Offering HRD Testing
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing identifies tumors that are unable to effectively repair DNA damage through the homologous recombination repair pathway. This deficiency is often linked... Read more