评估肺结核的快速诊断检验
|
By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 02 May 2018 |

图片:Xpert MTB/RIF试剂载入GeneXpert 4模块仪器(图片蒙Cepheid公司惠赐)。
在资源有限的场合诊断涂片阴性肺结核与肺外结核(TB)仍是一项挑战。确认涂片阴性与肺外结核病例需要阳性的结核分枝杆菌培养物,需要长达八周时间制备。
研究人员评估了是否能实现用商用的快速分子诊断检验日常诊断涂片阴性或肺外的结核,评估了其诊断准确度,还评估了现实场合HIV的患病率。
一组来自多国的科学家与瑞士日内瓦大学医院(www.hug-ge.ch)的科学家合作,在两年期间开展了一项前瞻性队列研究,相继纳入了疑似涂片阴性肺结核/肺外结核的所有病例。将病例分为四类:确实、很可能、可能有结核或有其它诊断结果。在马达加斯加的一家当地医院对疑似肺结核患者的痰液样本进行齐尔-尼尔森染色后直接做显微镜检。
来自肺结核患者和肺外结核患者的所有的抗酸杆菌(AFB)阴性涂片都被送到结核分枝杆菌实验室做二次涂片检查、培养,并用美国加利福尼亚州森尼韦尔市Cepheid股份有限公司(www.cepheid.com)的Xpert MTB/RIF进行筛查。生物液(脑脊液、腹膜液、胸腔积液)的标准分析(细胞学分析与生化分析),还对组织样本(淋巴结、皮肤活检样本、胸腔活检样本和滑膜活检样本)做了病理检查。对所有患者进行HIV血清检验。通过三种不同的构象快速检验证实了HIV的状态。
科学家发现,纳入研究的363名患者中,183人(50.4%)有疑似的涂片阴性肺结核,180人(49.6%)有疑似的肺外结核。用Xpert MTB/RIF检测经过证实的病例,灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为82.4%、98.8%、98.3%和86.6%;如果把经过证实的病例和可能性大的病例一起算,这些值分别为65%、98.8%、98.5%和64%。肺外结核的诊断准确度略低于涂片阴性的肺结核。HIV感染的患病率为12.1%,但是几乎半数病例没有结核(其它诊断结果组)。
该研究的论文发表于2018年4月号的《国际传染病杂志》(International Journal of Infectious Diseases)。作者总结说,在资源贫乏场合实施结核的快速诊断是可行的。Xpert-MTB/RIF检测难诊人群的性能十分突出。这项研究得出的HIV患病率远高于所报的马达加斯加大众的患病率、结核患者的患病率以及结核以外病症患者的患病率。
日内瓦大学医院>>> www.hug-ge.ch
Cepheid >>> www.cepheid.com
Latest 实验室技术 News
Channels
Clinical Chemistry
view channel
Blood Biomarker Study Reveals Population-Specific Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease
Blood-based biomarkers are emerging as tools for detecting Alzheimer’s disease–related changes without relying on advanced brain imaging or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. However, much of the foundational... Read more
New Chairside Oral Swab Test Could Guide Biopsy Decisions in Oral Cancer
Oral squamous cell carcinoma can be difficult to triage at the point of care, resulting in frequent biopsies of lesions that ultimately prove benign. Limited access to pathology services in many communities... Read moreMolecular Diagnostics
view channel
Blood Test for Lung Cancer Screening Receives FDA Breakthrough Device Designation
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, yet only about 18% of people eligible for screening undergo low-dose computed tomography, the current guideline-recommended method.... Read more
Sequencing-Based Newborn Screening Identifies Pediatric Cancer Risk at Birth
Newborn screening in the United States relies on heel-stick blood spots to identify rare, treatable disorders through biochemical testing, but these programs generally do not assess inherited cancer risk... Read moreHematology
view channel
New Genetic Findings Reveal Cause of Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) impair the bone marrow’s ability to produce sufficient healthy blood cells and are associated with an increased risk of early-onset myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).... Read more
Ultra-Portable Device Enables Finger-Prick Blood Testing at Home
Patients who need frequent blood tests often face repeated clinic visits that burden services and disrupt care. In the UK, millions of tests are performed each year to diagnose disease, guide therapy,... Read moreImmunology
view channel
Immune Biomarkers May Predict Recurrent Checkpoint Inhibitor Arthritis
Inflammatory arthritis is a recognized immune-related adverse event in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer. Between 20% and 50% of affected patients experience more than... Read more
Immune Cell Blood Test May Predict Melanoma Immunotherapy Response
Melanoma remains one of the deadliest skin cancers, although outcomes improve markedly when the disease is detected early. Immunotherapy has extended survival for many patients with advanced melanoma,... Read moreMicrobiology
view channel
Surveillance and Susceptibility Testing Track Rising Candida Auris in U.S.
Drug-resistant fungal infections are straining infection control and treatment in hospitals and long-term care facilities, where rapid transmission can lead to severe outcomes. Candida auris has expanded... Read more
Plasma Cell-Free DNA Test Enables Earlier Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections
Invasive fungal infections disproportionately affect immunocompromised patients, while diagnostic delays can contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. Existing methods often depend on invasive... Read morePathology
view channel
AI Uses H&E Slides to Predict Key Biomarkers Across 32 Cancers
Molecular profiling is essential for characterizing solid tumors, but many laboratories still rely on separate genetic assays to detect alterations such as TP53 mutations. These workflows can be resource-intensive... Read more
AI Tool Identifies Slide Artifacts to Speed Digital Pathology Diagnosis
Pathology laboratories face growing case volumes, staffing pressures, and increasing diagnostic complexity that can delay results. At the same time, whole-slide images may contain quality defects such... Read more
FDA-Cleared Digital Pathology Platform Expands Interoperability for Primary Diagnosis
Rising cancer incidence is colliding with a shrinking pathologist workforce, intensifying pressure on diagnostic turnaround times in clinical laboratories. Many labs are adopting digital pathology to manage... Read moreTechnology
view channel
Interoperable Data Platform Standardizes Multi-Cancer Blood Test Results
Proteotype Diagnostics has introduced Alchemi, a proprietary data and clinical workflow platform being developed for Enlighten, the company’s investigational blood-based multi-cancer test.... Read more
Training Device Improves Accuracy of Pooled Molecular Diagnostics
High-throughput molecular diagnostics have transformed infectious disease detection, but many workflows remain difficult to execute accurately without extensive training. Sample pooling can cut per‑test... Read more
New CE-Certified Software Advances Whole-Genome Cancer Testing
European hospitals are increasingly using comprehensive tumor genomics to guide therapy, but routine whole genome sequencing (WGS) requires validated, regulation-compliant workflows. A newly CE-certified... Read more
National Rare Disease Registry Standardizes Genetic and Clinical Data for Coordinated Care
Rare diseases collectively impose a significant clinical burden despite their individual rarity, often involving multisystem presentations and prolonged diagnostic journeys. Limited specialist expertise... Read moreIndustry
view channel
Collaboration Supports Global ADC Development with AI-Powered Tissue Analysis
Selecting patients for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) increasingly requires broader tissue context, as target expression alone may not fully explain therapeutic response. Laboratories and translational... Read more
Standardized Staining Technology Advances Digital Pathology Workflows
Digital pathology is increasingly used to streamline cancer diagnostics, yet staining variability can hinder slide interpretation and limit the reliability of artificial intelligence tools.... Read more
Global Testing Service Advances Leukemia MRD Monitoring
KMT2A rearrangements drive aggressive subsets of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and are associated with relapse and poor outcomes. As menin inhibitors enter clinical... Read more







