Chip-Based Mobile Blood Diagnosis Takes Only Minutes

New analysis technology takes just a few minutes, and physicians know immediately whether there are any pathogens in the blood. The improved marker-free technique provides the basis for faster analysis, whether in a hospital or for mobile blood donations.

If a person loses a large amount of blood, the consequences can be critical. That is why adequate quantities of donated blood have to be kept available in hospitals and blood banks. In Egypt, doctors collect blood by traveling to towns and villages and conducting blood donation sessions in a laboratory bus. The problem is that 25% of the samples taken contain pathogens, including HIV, hepatitis, and syphilis. As these diseases can be passed on in transfusions, the contaminated blood cannot be used. Conventional fast tests are not suitable in most cases for mobile use.

In the near future, a rapid and robust analysis technique should help. A few drops of blood could be tested in the bus to check whether it can be used. Only if the result is positive will physicians take a larger quantity from the donor. The basis for this has been provided by research scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT (Sankt Ingbert, Germany) under a European Union (EU) project also involving the Egyptian company Vacsera (Giza), Mivitec, GmbH (Munich, Germany), the Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS (Dortmund, Germany), and the University of Lausitz (Germany). "Our consortium has developed a glass chip which has antibodies on it. Tiny surface oscillations are induced in the chip. If the relevant virus binds with an antibody, the oscillation changes,” explained Dr. Thomas Velten, head of department at the IBMT.

The technique is not new, but the new chip that has been developed offers advantages. Usually there is only one measurement field and a reference field next to it, positioned a just a few millimeters apart. But the temperature there can be different. On the new chip, the measurement and reference fields are divided into narrow strips, which in each case are located right next to each other. As a result, the chip is more resistant to fluctuations in temperature. Moreover, the new chip consists of four analysis squares, which means that the blood can be examined for four different pathogens during each test.

It has also been difficult up until now for laboratory workers to avoid contact with the blood and protect themselves from infections while conducting tests in the bus. The researchers at the IBMT have therefore encapsulated the chip. This makes the blood follow a defined course on the chip, protecting the user.

A first prototype of the measurement device is being presented at the Medica trade fair from November 18-21, 2009, in Düsseldorf, Germany.

Dr. Velten estimates that the device could come onto the market in approximately three years' time.

Related Links:
Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT
Vacsera
Mivitec
Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS