Embryonic Stem Cells From Adult Cells

Scientists have created a new type of hybrid cell by fusing adult cells with embryonic stem cells in such a way that the embryonic cells reset the genetic clock of the adult cells, turning them back to their embryonic form. When this feat is fully understood, it may lead to genetically tailored treatments for diseases without the need to create or destroy human embryos.

The adult cells used in the experiment came from foreskin and pelvic areas. In their embryonic form, it may be possible to coax them back "into replacement cells and even organs,” said lead author Chad Cowan, a biologist at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (Boston, MA, USA). For example, normal cells might be made to replace abnormal ones that cause juvenile diabetes or Alzheimer's disease.

The next step is to figure out how an embryonic cell can turn back, or reprogram, the genes of an adult cell. That could take 10 years, suggests Dr. Cowan. In the meantime, research on the use of hybrid cells for helping patients can continue. The quickest way to new treatments is finding a way to remove the embryonic DNA. "That's the primary hurdle in the foot race to find treatments for patients,” observed Kevin Eggan, also of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute.

When all the problems are solved, the Harvard team sees a new source of stem cells produced without the need to create or destroy embryos that some people insist are "alive.” "We will never satisfy all of the ethical objections to using embryonic stem cells,” admits Dr. Cowan, "but we believe that the majority of people will find this technique morally acceptable.” A report on the research was published in the August 26, 2005, issue of Science.




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