Изотермическая амплификация с формированием петель выявляет менее диагностируемые виды возбудителя малярии
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 02 Aug 2019 |
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Разработан новый молекулярный анализ с использованием изотермической амплификации с формированием петель (ИАФП), который может обнаружить Plasmodium vivax, вид паразита, вызывающего малярию.
Почти все имеющиеся в настоящее время молекулярные тесты обнаруживают P. falciparum, отчасти потому, что среди других видов он вызывает наибольшую смертность. Тем не менее P. vivax на самом деле более широко распространен, и более чем 2,5 миллиарда человек остаются подверженными риску заражения.
В Колумбии недавно был оценен новый анализ ИАФП, для этого использовался протокол последовательного тестирования, тест ИАФП на пан-плазмодий с последующим тестом на P. vivax и тестирование на основе полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) для сравнения. Всего было оценено 365 образцов крови от пациентов с лихорадкой, а тест P. vivax показал чувствительность приблизительно 94% и специфичность 92%. Важно отметить, что тест также имеет низкий предел обнаружения, составляющий от одного до двух паразитов на микролитр образца пациента.
Анализ ИАФП был разработан компанией Eiken Chemical (Токио, Япония) в сотрудничестве с Фондом инновационной новой диагностики (Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics - FIND; Женева, Швейцария), который координировал лабораторные исследования совместно с Больницей тропических болезней (Hospital for Tropical Diseases; Лондон, Великобритания). FIND договорился о ценах на анализы Loopamp и систему HumaTurb; набор из 96 тестов на P. vivax имеет стоимость 499,20 евро (560 долларов США), а HumaTurb будет стоить 15 900 евро. Существует также решение для условий с более низкой пропускной способностью, которое называется HumaLoop и является более дешевым.
Ксавье К. Дин (Xavier C. Ding), руководитель группы по диагностике малярии в FIND, доктор философии, сказал: "Только недавно появилось признание того, что если мы всё-таки хотим ликвидировать малярию, нам понадобятся некоторые специфические тесты на P. vivax, потому что этот вид имеет свои собственные биологические особенности и его гораздо сложнее устранить". Действительно, в отличие от P. falciparum, P. vivax может бездействовать в печени инфицированного человека на стадии, называемой гипнозоитом, и в этом случае человек с гипнозоитами склонен к рецидивирующей малярии. Д-р Дин добавил: "Мы очень надеемся, что это облегчит и сделает доступным лечение паразитов на печеночной стадии, но это также означает, что понадобятся надежные диагностические инструменты для выявления людей, зараженных видом vivax".
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