为多发性骨髓瘤开发的基于芯片的血检
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 30 May 2018 |
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图片：信用卡大小的小塑料芯片能生成与骨髓穿刺同样的诊断信息，却仅用简单的抽血（图片蒙堪萨斯大学惠赐）。
多发性骨髓瘤是一种影响血浆的癌症，以前诊断它必须对患者进行痛苦的骨髓穿刺。医生通过一个切口插入一根骨髓穿刺针，采得骨髓样本，或者开一个更大的切口，通过手术取出一节骨骼。
然而，用骨活检引导多发性骨髓瘤和多种白血病等其它癌症的治疗已时日无多。一种可靠的低成本血检用一片信用卡大小的小塑料芯片就能生成与骨髓穿刺同样的诊断信息，却仅用简单的抽血。
科学家们与美国堪萨斯大学(www.ku.edu)的科学家合作，从血浆细胞异常的患者体内采集血样，用单克隆抗CD138抗体修改过的微流控器件分析是否存在循环血浆细胞(CPC)。用CD38/CD56/CD45组合试剂对CPC进行免疫表型分型，它存在于78%的未定性单克隆免疫球蛋白病(MGUS)患者体内，所有的溃烂性及有症状的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者体内，而对照者无一例。
有症状多发性骨髓瘤患者CPC的负担高于MGUS患者和溃烂性多发性骨髓瘤患者。荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析揭示，CPC内13号染色体存在删除情况，这与骨髓结果相关。发现了KRAS里的点突变，包括源于同一患者的亚克隆的不同突变。
该研究的论文发表于2018年1月22日的《集成生物学》(Integrative Biology)杂志。作者总结说，微流控测定代表着CPC计数的一种高灵敏方法，可鉴定CPC的细胞遗传学特征和分子特征。资深作者、化学系与机械工程系杰出教授Steven A. Soper博士说：“因为我们所用的这块芯片由塑料制成，所以可注塑成型，生产CD、DVD和蓝光碟也是用同样方法。很好的一点是我们生产一块芯片的成本只有几美金，这使它非常适合临床场合的检验。”这款新检验产品将由美国加利福尼亚州圣迭戈市的BioFluidica公司(www.biofluidica.com)推向市场。
堪萨斯大学>>> www.ku.edu
BioFluidica >>> www.biofluidica.com
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