新型细菌化验用脂质囊泡替代血液
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 14 Nov 2017 |
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图片：在琼脂与甲型溶血性肺炎链球菌的混合培养物中，乙型溶血性菌落清晰可辨。(A) L-Hoechst染色的BHI琼脂中纯细菌菌落与混合细菌菌落的荧光图像与明场图像（图片蒙淡马锡生命科学实验室惠赐）。
人们常把疾病归咎于乙型溶血性细菌，如链球菌引起学校儿童中间的流行病，李斯特菌引起许多食源性疾病。现行的检验方法要求把病人样本涂到血液琼脂板上。
确实存在检测特定乙型溶血性菌种的检验方法；然而，这些方法的一般原理是检测基因决定簇和抗原决策簇，而不是乙型溶血性。例子有抗体–抗原试验、基于核酸的测定和最近用经报告因子改造过的噬菌体的方法。
新加坡淡马锡生命科学实验室的科学家及其同事受最初的血液琼脂实验启发，发明了新方法。他们把荧光基团放进脂质体，也就是脂质囊泡，用来控制释药。而脂质体里的荧光分子被压在一起，失去光泽，但当存在乙型溶血性细菌时，脂质体被破开，荧光分子被释放出来并发出荧光。
研究人员把菌株涂到绵羊血液琼脂上，在37 °C下孵育一个通宵，检查溶血行为。新方法名为BETA，它鉴别乙型溶血性细菌与对照细菌的准确率在琼脂板上为100 %，耗费六小时，在肉汤里为99%，需一个小时。科学家说该方法速度快，经济实惠，非常适于发展中国家的诊断。他们还注意到，与乙型溶血性相关的菌落荧光的定性特征与对照细菌产生的本底荧光不同。
该研究的论文发表于2017年9月20日的《ACS》杂志《传感器》分册。作者总结说，以前血液琼脂培养法耗时长，应用范围有限，现在BETA的及时性为扩大应用范围打开了方便之门。速度提高后，基于BETA的喉培养物金标准现在可用作细菌性咽炎的首选诊断检验（而不是一种验证性测定）。BETA的规制可扩展（多孔板），试剂成本低（每次测定2美分），使它适合作为厂内食品安全的一种灵敏的高通量筛选方法，弥补噬菌体检测等特定测定的不足。
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淡马锡生命科学实验室
确实存在检测特定乙型溶血性菌种的检验方法；然而，这些方法的一般原理是检测基因决定簇和抗原决策簇，而不是乙型溶血性。例子有抗体–抗原试验、基于核酸的测定和最近用经报告因子改造过的噬菌体的方法。
新加坡淡马锡生命科学实验室的科学家及其同事受最初的血液琼脂实验启发，发明了新方法。他们把荧光基团放进脂质体，也就是脂质囊泡，用来控制释药。而脂质体里的荧光分子被压在一起，失去光泽，但当存在乙型溶血性细菌时，脂质体被破开，荧光分子被释放出来并发出荧光。
研究人员把菌株涂到绵羊血液琼脂上，在37 °C下孵育一个通宵，检查溶血行为。新方法名为BETA，它鉴别乙型溶血性细菌与对照细菌的准确率在琼脂板上为100 %，耗费六小时，在肉汤里为99%，需一个小时。科学家说该方法速度快，经济实惠，非常适于发展中国家的诊断。他们还注意到，与乙型溶血性相关的菌落荧光的定性特征与对照细菌产生的本底荧光不同。
该研究的论文发表于2017年9月20日的《ACS》杂志《传感器》分册。作者总结说，以前血液琼脂培养法耗时长，应用范围有限，现在BETA的及时性为扩大应用范围打开了方便之门。速度提高后，基于BETA的喉培养物金标准现在可用作细菌性咽炎的首选诊断检验（而不是一种验证性测定）。BETA的规制可扩展（多孔板），试剂成本低（每次测定2美分），使它适合作为厂内食品安全的一种灵敏的高通量筛选方法，弥补噬菌体检测等特定测定的不足。
Related Links:
淡马锡生命科学实验室
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