用CRISPR技术发现致癌基因
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By LabMedica International staff writers Posted on 22 Sep 2017 |
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图片：用基因编辑和筛查新技术发现的一颗胶质母细胞瘤（图片蒙耶鲁大学Chen实验室惠赐）。
科研人员用刚被他们改造成功的CRISPR技术发现了能引起胶质母细胞瘤这种脑癌的特定基因组合，该技术还能精确定位其它类型肿瘤的诱因和主要病因。因此这项新技术有助于改进诊断，并找到更特异的靶体，以开发更有效的药物。
科学家已经很擅长发现患者体内许多癌症的突变，但仍旧特别困难的是发现直接引起疾病进展的基因或基因组合。例如，研究发现至少223条基因与胶质母细胞瘤这种难治的脑癌相关，存活期的中值只有1-1.5年。这些基因的数千种组合可能协同作用，引起患者体内的疾病。
Chow RD等人将该研究的论文发表于2017年8月14日的《自然》杂志《神经科学》分册。通信作者之一、美国康涅狄格州纽黑文市耶鲁大学的助理教授Sidi Chen说：“现在已绘制出人类癌症基因组，数千种新突变与癌症相关，但一直难以证明实际上是哪些基因或基因组合引起癌症。我们还能用这条信息确定现有的哪些药物最可能对患者个人有治疗价值，离癌症个性化疗法又近了一步。”
耶鲁大学的团队以及另一通信作者、瑞士苏黎世联邦高等工业学院的Randall J. Platt率领的团队开发了CRISPR基因编辑与筛查技术的一项高级应用——“AAV介导的直接体内CRISPR筛查”，以寻找活小鼠体内胶质母细胞瘤的主要病因。他们评估了1500多种基因组合的突变，发现了多种致癌组合。他们还发现了能使肿瘤耐受化疗的两个突变，这条信息能帮助医生为每位患者度身定制治疗方案。这项研究的主要经费来源是耶鲁系统生物学研究所和国家卫生研究所。
科学家已经很擅长发现患者体内许多癌症的突变，但仍旧特别困难的是发现直接引起疾病进展的基因或基因组合。例如，研究发现至少223条基因与胶质母细胞瘤这种难治的脑癌相关，存活期的中值只有1-1.5年。这些基因的数千种组合可能协同作用，引起患者体内的疾病。
Chow RD等人将该研究的论文发表于2017年8月14日的《自然》杂志《神经科学》分册。通信作者之一、美国康涅狄格州纽黑文市耶鲁大学的助理教授Sidi Chen说：“现在已绘制出人类癌症基因组，数千种新突变与癌症相关，但一直难以证明实际上是哪些基因或基因组合引起癌症。我们还能用这条信息确定现有的哪些药物最可能对患者个人有治疗价值，离癌症个性化疗法又近了一步。”
耶鲁大学的团队以及另一通信作者、瑞士苏黎世联邦高等工业学院的Randall J. Platt率领的团队开发了CRISPR基因编辑与筛查技术的一项高级应用——“AAV介导的直接体内CRISPR筛查”，以寻找活小鼠体内胶质母细胞瘤的主要病因。他们评估了1500多种基因组合的突变，发现了多种致癌组合。他们还发现了能使肿瘤耐受化疗的两个突变，这条信息能帮助医生为每位患者度身定制治疗方案。这项研究的主要经费来源是耶鲁系统生物学研究所和国家卫生研究所。
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