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Clinical Chemistry

Image: Islet of Langerhans from the pancreas of a patient with chronic type 1 diabetes of 19 years duration. A single lobe of the pancreas was found to contain islets rich in residual beta cells (alpha cells in red; beta cells in green) (Photo courtesy of Diapedia).

Genetic Scores Stratify Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes

Approximately 0.3% of newborns will develop autoimmunity to pancreatic beta cells in childhood and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes before adulthood. Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes will require early intervention in genetically at-risk infants. More...
15 May 2018
Image: A diagram of types of adrenal insufficiency; CRH: corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone (Photo courtesy of US National Institute of Health).

ACTH Stimulation Test Results Reassessed

Cosyntropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH) stimulation testing is considered the gold standard for investigating primary adrenal insufficiency (AI) and may be an effective alternative to insulin tolerance testing in the workup of secondary AI. More...
12 May 2018
Image: A micrograph of cerebral amyloid angiopathy with senile plaques in the cerebral cortex consistent of amyloid beta, as may be seen in Alzheimer disease (Photo courtesy of Nephron).

Subthreshold Amyloid Predicts Tau Deposition in Aging

The progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates the earliest possible detection of pathological or cognitive change if disease progression is to be slowed. The rate at which the protein beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates into the sticky plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is already slowing by the time a patient would be considered to have preclinical AD. More...
10 May 2018
Image: The Simoa 2.0, ultrasensitive immunoassay platform used for measuring plasma tau and serum NfL (Photo courtesy of Quanterix).

Blood-Based Biomarker Assessed for Subtle Brain Injury

A high-sensitive blood test can aid concussed hockey players when it might be safe to return to play. The test has identified a superior blood-based biomarker for assessing subtle brain injury. More...
10 May 2018
Image: The MS ESI LC-TOF Micromass LCT 4 (Photo courtesy of Waters / UC Irvine).

Blood Biomarkers May Allow Easier Concussion Detection

Specific small molecules in blood plasma may be useful in determining whether someone has sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as a concussion. More...
03 May 2018
Image: The nanoLC-Ultra 1D+ for nanoflow liquid chromatography (Photo courtesy of Eksigent).

Biomarkers Identified for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The causes of gastrointestinal complaints in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remain poorly understood. Altered nerve function has emerged as an important pathogenic factor as IBS mucosal biopsy supernatants consistently activate enteric and sensory neurons. More...
02 May 2018
Image: Validation of beta-amyloid dimers in Alzheimer’s Brains (Photo courtesy of Institute for Research in Biomedicine).

Beta-Amyloid Dimers Found in Alzheimer's Patient Brains

The most widely used biomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are currently the concentrations of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau in cerebrospinal fluid. However, it has been observed that not all individuals with alterations in these biomarkers develop the disease. More...
01 May 2018
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The Clinical Chemistry channel updates the reader on tests, techniques, and research in the field - from routine assays to specialized tests on blood, urine, enzymes, lipids, hormones and more.