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手持质谱仪在数秒内识别出癌组织

By Xu Peng, Chief Editor 许鹏 副主编
Posted on 10 Nov 2017
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图片:手术期间,MasSpec笔快速准确的检测出活癌,有助于改善治疗并减少癌症复发的几率(照片由University of Texas at Austin提供)。
图片:手术期间,MasSpec笔快速准确的检测出活癌,有助于改善治疗并减少癌症复发的几率(照片由University of Texas at Austin提供)。
一个由科学家和工程师组成的团队发明了一种强有效的设备,能快速鉴别出癌组织,为外科医生提供精确的诊断信息,决定切除哪些组织,留下哪些组织。
“如果与术后的癌症患者交谈,很多人要说的第一件事是‘我希望外科医生已经切除了全部癌组织’,”Livia Schiavinato Eberlin,University of Texas at Austin(Austin,TX,USA)的助理教授,该研究的设计者和团队领导说,“我们的技术能大大提高外科医生在手术期间真正清除所有痕量癌症的可能性。”
现有的方法冰冻切片分析法,手术期间诊断和确定癌症和正常组织间边界的速度缓慢,有时检测的结果不准确。每份样品检测需要30分钟或更长时间进行准备,并需要由病理学家解读结果,增大患者感染的风险和麻醉的负面作用。一些类型的癌症冰冻切片解读可能困难,经常产生不可靠的结果。
新的MasSpec笔需要花费大约10秒来提供诊断结果,对253份人类癌症患者中取出的组织检测准确度超过96%。还能检测出呈现混合细胞成分的正常组织和癌组织间边界区域中的癌症。
该技术还能为患者提供更安全的手术。“使用该技术,允许我们更精确的切除癌组织,保留正常组织,”项目的合作者,Baylor College of Medicine的James Suliburk说。虽然切除尽可能多的癌症组织很重要,但如果切除太多的健康组织可能产生更大的负面后果。例如,乳腺癌患者可能在麻醉影响的基础上,有更高的风险出现疼痛副作用和神经损伤。甲状腺癌患者可能丧失语言能力或调解体钙水平的能力,而这些能力对于肌肉和神经功能而言是很重要的。
活细胞产生的代谢物,每类癌症产生一套独有的代谢物和其他生物标志物。“由于癌症和正常细胞的代谢物差异很大,我们使用MasSpec笔提取和分析这些代谢物,以获得组织的分子指纹图谱。令人难以置信的是,虽然这种设备简单,检测的化学过程温和,但MasSpec笔能快速提供诊断分子信息,不会造成组织损伤,”Eberlin教授说。
使用MasSpec笔获得一份未知组织样品的分子指纹图谱,可由一个“统计分类器”软件立即进行评价,Eberlin教授和她的同事用253份人类组织样品的分子指纹图谱对该软件进行了培训。样品中包含乳房、肺、甲状腺和卵巢的正常组织和癌性组织。
该笔向组织中加入一滴水,小分子迁移至水中。将水样转移至质谱分析仪中,质谱仪能检测出数千个分子,得出分子指纹图谱。使用该一次性设备仅需简单的握住笔,压在患者的组织上,使用脚踏板触发自动分析,等待数秒就能得到结果。
检测人类样品时,该设备的癌症诊断准确性超过96%。使用该设备还能在手术期间诊断活体、荷瘤小鼠的癌症,不会对组织造成可见的伤害,也不会给动物带来压力。
因此该过程对患者影响小,具备生物相容性。“设计MasSpec笔时,我们确定其接触的组织仍完整,MasSpec笔的塑料头在操作过程中仅加入一滴水,”Zhang教授说。
本研究由Zhang J等人发表在2017年9月6日刊的Science Translational Medicine(科学转化医学期刊)上。

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