Unique Blood-Based Genetic Signature Can Diagnose Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease is primarily recognized for its impact on the central nervous system. Recent scientific progress has shifted focus to understanding the involvement of the immune system in the onset and progression of the disease. Now, a new study has revealed that certain immune cell types are more activated in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

In this study, researchers from the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada) employed a cutting-edge technology called single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify cellular subtypes and examine gene expression at the individual cell level. Their findings indicated that in Parkinson’s patients, immune cells in the blood exhibited signs of activation and overexpressed genes linked to stress responses. These gene expression changes form a distinct biomarker signature for the disease. Given the current absence of reliable clinical biomarkers for diagnosing Parkinson's, the researchers propose that this unique disease signature could potentially enable earlier detection from a blood sample. Additionally, these biomarkers may assist in differentiating Parkinson’s from other similar conditions, such as Parkinsonian syndromes like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

In their study published in Brain, the research team analyzed blood samples from 14 confirmed Parkinson’s patients and six individuals with Parkinsonian syndromes, comparing them with a control group of 10 healthy individuals. The gene signature identified allowed the researchers to distinguish between Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonian syndromes. These biomarkers could enhance diagnostic accuracy and help with participant selection for clinical trials aimed at testing new treatments for Parkinson’s. The research team is now providing the scientific community with a comprehensive atlas of immune system cellular subtypes found in both healthy individuals and those with Parkinson’s disease.