Genomic DNA from Fecal Specimens Helps Identify EHEC

High throughput pathogen examination of stool samples identifies the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) responsible for the epidemic of bloody diarrhea associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) that appeared in Germany.

The automated MagNA pure sample preparation system for nucleic acid isolation and LightCycler Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument from Roche Applied Science (Penzberg, Germany) have been used for high throughput examination of EHEC pathogens in primary stool samples during the E.coli epidemic.

In a study carried out by Ralf Bialek [Laboratory of Dr. Krause and colleagues] (MVZ GmbH; Kiel, Germany), human stool samples were processed using the high throughput MagNA Pure 96 workstation, isolating high quality total genomic DNA from primary fecal specimens. Targeting the toxin genes of EHEC by a LightCycler Real-Time PCR test demonstrated that fecal specimens could be used as starting material to detect EHEC infection in epidemic situations reducing the turnaround from at least overnight incubation to hours.

The fully automated robotic MagNA Pure 96 Instrument used in this study isolates nucleic acids from 96 samples in approximately one hour. The Roche platform is an efficient, cost-effective way to prepare template DNA from large numbers of stool samples in epidemic situations. Subsequent LightCycler 480 Real-Time PCR was found to be accurate and reproducible using proven specific, sensitive PCR primers and probes, targeting the Shiga toxin genes of EHEC, available as LightMix kit EHEC.

A new pathogen universal protocol was established using a 200 µL sample volume and 100 µL elution volume. E. coli Shiga toxin genes were amplified in the presence of two pairs of fluorescently labeled hybridization probes targeting stx-1 and stx-2, followed by LightCycler system melting curve analysis discriminating the toxin gene subtypes. The bacterial parC gene (encoding the topoisomerase IV subunit of Enterobacteriaceae) was used as an extraction control to prove presence of extracted DNA and to exclude PCR inhibitors. Systematic testing of this workflow should significantly contribute to the early detection and surveillance of future EHEC infections, as well as other emerging bacterial epidemics.

The team evaluated a novel four-color multiplex assay using hydrolysis probes for the LightCycler 480 Instrument, targeting both toxin genes (stx1 and stx2), the wzx gene (marker for the O104 serotype), and an internal control. This new assay enables the analysis of suspected samples in a single reaction, for a faster more cost-effective time-to-result, which is particular important during an outbreak, when many samples have to be studied in short time.

More than 3,400 laboratory confirmed EHEC and HUS cases have been reported, 39 of them with fatal outcome according to the Robert Koch Institute’s (Berlin, Germany) report, dated June 20, 2011. The majority of EHEC infected individuals live in Germany, but significant numbers of infections have also been reported in Sweden, Russia, as well as other European countries.

Related Links:
Roche Applied Science
Robert Koch Institute