Age-Related Disabilities May Be Prevented with Vitamin D Intake

Older adults who do not get enough vitamin D--either from supplements, diet, or sun exposure --may be at increased risk of developing mobility limitations and disability, according to new research.

“This is one of the first studies to look at the association of vitamin D and the onset of new mobility limitations or disability in older adults,” stated lead author Denise Houston, PhD, RD, a nutrition epidemiologist in the department of geriatrics and gerontology at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). Houston researches vitamin D and its effects on physical function.

The study, published online May 2012 in the Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, analyzed the association between vitamin D and onset of mobility limitation and disability over six years of follow-up using data from the US National Institute on Aging’s Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Mobility limitation and disability are defined as any difficulty or inability to walk several blocks or climb a flight of stairs, respectively.

Of the 3,075 community-dwelling black and white men and women aged 70-79 who were enrolled, data from 2,099 participants was used for this study. Eligible participants reported no difficulty walking one-fourth mile, climbing 10 steps, or performing essential, daily living activities, and were free of life-threatening illness. Vitamin D levels were measured in the blood at the beginning of the study. Occurrence of mobility limitation and disability during follow-up was assessed during annual clinic visits alternating with telephone interviews every six months over six years.

“We observed about a 30% increased risk of mobility limitations for those older adults who had low levels of vitamin D, and almost a two-fold higher risk of mobility disability,” Dr. Houston said.

Dr. Houston noted that vitamin D plays an important role in muscle function, so it is plausible that low levels of the vitamin could result in the onset of decreased lower muscle strength and physical performance. Vitamin D may also indirectly affect physical function, as low vitamin D levels have also been associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease--disorders that are frequent causes of decline in physical function. Houston said people get vitamin D when it is naturally produced in the skin by sun exposure, by eating foods with vitamin D, such as fortified milk, juice, and cereals, and by taking vitamin D supplements. “About one-third of older adults have low vitamin D levels,” Dr. Houston said. “It’s difficult to get enough vitamin D through diet alone and older adults, who may not spend much time outdoors, may need to take a vitamin D supplement.”

Current recommendations call for people over age 70 to get 800 International Units (IUs) of vitamin D daily in their diet or supplements. Dr. Houston pointed out that current dietary recommendations are based solely on vitamin D’s effects on bone health. “Higher amounts of vitamin D may be needed for the preservation of muscle strength and physical function as well as other health conditions,” Dr. Houston said. “However, clinical trials are needed to determine whether increasing vitamin D levels through diet or supplements has an effect on physical function.”

Related Links:
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center