Role of the GAD2 Gene in Obesity Elucidated

Researchers have found evidence that the chromosome 10 GAD2 gene has a direct role in determining an individual's likelihood to become obese.

GAD2 codes for the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), which catalyzes the production of a neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA) that interacts with a neuropeptide (NPY) in the hypothalamus to help stimulate appetite.

Investigators at the Imperial College London (UK; www.ic.ac.uk) compared genome-wide scans of 576 obese and 646 normal-weight French adults and identified two alleles of the GAD2 gene. One allele was protective against obesity, while the other increased the risk of obesity. As explained in a paper published online on November 3, 2003, in the Public Library of Science (PloS) Biology, people carrying the GAD2 allele that increases the risk of obesity were significantly more likely to reveal an inability to control their food intake, and perceived high levels of hunger.

Senior author Dr. Philippe Froguel, a professor at the Imperial College London, explained, "Genetic factors alone can not explain the rapid rise in obesity rates, but they may provide clues to preventative and therapeutic approaches that will ease the health burden associated with obesity. Having identified this gene, it may be possible to develop a screening program to identify those who may be at risk of becoming obese later in life, and take effective preventative measures.”



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